It is well established that communities with diverse livelihood systems are more resilient to external disturbances and changes compared to those that have less livelihood alternatives (Allison and Ellis 2001, Olsson et al.
However, these impacts will be highly context-specific, depending on local socioeconomic, political, and geographic configurations.
Even if the global community could limit global warming at 1.5 ☌ above preindustrial levels by 2050, climate-related risks to livelihoods and human well-being would persist around the globe, with numerous pressures to coastal areas (IPCC 2018). 2017), the erosion of fishery activities (Dulvy and Allison 2009), and loss and damage due to extreme events (Adger 1999, Pomeroy et al. Recent studies confirm a range of impacts from climate change on coastal communities, including the reduction of fish stock (Allison et al. Coastal communities depending on degraded coastal ecosystems will likely be most susceptible to changes in system conditions (Thomas and Twyman 2005). Livelihoods that depend on coastal fisheries in tropical regions are threatened by a range of complex and interconnected forces, including socioeconomic, environmental, and climatic changes as well as governance and management challenges (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005, Charles 2012, Cinner et al. Key words: adaptive cycle coastal lagoon dynamics livelihood pathways social-ecological systems Vietnam INTRODUCTION
#Modern bio study guide answers 25 1 drivers
We end by reflecting on the usefulness of the adaptive cycle heuristic in systematically exploring historical dynamics and identifying underlying drivers and feedbacks between the social and ecological components of complex fishery systems.
We recommend that fishery policies take seriously the heterogeneity in livelihood pathways for sustainable lagoon management. A one-size-fits-all fishery management approach is therefore ill-suited for improving diverse livelihoods. We show how the evolution of the lagoon SES resulted in divergent livelihood pathways that bring benefits to some users but also cause persistent constraints and sometimes irreversible losses to other users in shared common pool resources. The lagoon’s future vulnerability is tied to the intensification of human uses, prolonged ecological degradation, and intensifying climatic hazards.
#Modern bio study guide answers 25 1 series
Our analysis demonstrates that the present lagoon SES condition is the result of a series of historical events and reorganization attempts through two complete adaptive cycles. Using the Tam Giang Lagoon in Vietnam as an example of a rapidly changing environment, we explore the historical behavior of this tropical coastal social-ecological system (SES), associated livelihood pathways, and possible challenges for future livelihood adaptations through the lens of the adaptive cycle metaphor. However, the application of this heuristic in coastal fishery systems has been relatively rare. Since Holling’s adaptive cycle heuristic, published in 2001, substantial progress has been made to explore historical changes in agricultural, pastoral, and forest systems. Understanding the long-term dynamics of social-ecological systems is critical to better inform sustainable management.
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